LED is an abbreviation of the English phrase ‘Light-emitting diode’, it is a semiconductor light source that emits light when a current flows through it (the structure is adapted to emit light). All LED-based light sources save energy and are designed to replace lights that use incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, metal halide, high pressure sodium lights. LED technology helps to save energy because even up to 95% of the energy is converted into light. LED lighting allows to create brighter light using less energy. By choosing LED lighting, you will save between 40% and 80% of electricity, depending on the choice. LED lights serve up to 100 000 hours and more, therefore, you can forget about servicing the lighting system for a long time while using this type of lighting.

Always refer to lumens. Watts indicate how much energy is required to produce the specified lumens. It is important to pay attention to lumens per watt or lm/W. The more lumens are produced from 1 watt, the less energy is necessary to produce the light. You will notice that some LED solutions use less energy to produce the same amount of light. So the higher the lm/W value, the more efficient.

It depends a lot on how the LED light is designed but the major risk is the power supply because it is a complex and sensitive (to temperature and voltage changes) electronic device. Therefore, it is very important to find out who is the manufacturer of the power source of the LED light you have chosen, and what durability, what temperature regimes the product is intended for, and at what price level. In general, a more reliable power supply should last more than 70,000 hours (at tc = 70°C, depending on the operating temperature of the light in critical areas (after 2 hours of illumination).

Heat. This is the biggest enemy of electronics, the higher it is, the shorter the service period. However, by using the right material for the light bodies (aluminum is usually chosen due to its high thermal conductivity) and the right design, it is possible to create a reliable light that would be resistant to environments with high temperatures. In general, a light with an external power source can operate longer than with an integrated system.

CRI means colour rendering index. Lumens show the quantity of light and CRI shows its quality. CRI is measured on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst quality and 100 represents the best. CRI index of LED lights is usually 75-95. The higher CRI index, the more expensive LED light, and consequently the entire product.

The efficiency of our produced LED lights is 175 lm/W. To replace 400 W, a 150 W LED light is needed in parallel but with high-quality optics that concentrate the light in the required direction, 92 W may be also sufficient.

The colour temperature is measured according to the Kelvin scale. LED bulbs come in a variety of colours but the most common are of ‘A’ range from 2700K to 7500K. Many manufacturers like to use terms like ‘day white’, ‘natural’, ‘white’, ‘warm white’, and ‘cool white’, however, there is no standard that would associate the Kelvin scale with these terms. Thus, the Kelvin scale is the only consistent method of measuring light temperature. The warmer the light, the more yellow tones, the colder the light, there are more blue tones.

2700-3200 – WW – warm white

4000-4500 – WW – natural white

5000–5500 – DW – daylight

6500-7500 – WW – cold white

It depends on the type of lights: whether they are fluorescent, metal halide, etc. However, we can often see a 70%+ reduction in electricity costs.

The LED light is made of 3 main components: An LED module (a set of chips that emits light), a power supply (converts voltage, stabilizes current) and a cooling radiator or specially designed body (guarantees cooling). The radiator (body) distributes the heat from the light emitting diodes and the driver. A longer service life is ensured by releasing quality controlled heat from the LED modules and the power source. In addition, light emitting diodes convert electricity into light more efficiently than other light sources, so to replace a 400W metal halide light, a 150W-90W LED light is enough.

Not all LED lights have the same design. Over time, the luminous flux of all lights decreases but unlike incandescent bulbs, instead of burning out, light emitting diodes lose their brightness after thousands of hours. It is considered that the lifetime of LED lights ends when it reaches 70% of its original luminous flux. High-quality LED lights can serve from – 50,000-100,000 hours. The exact lifetime of LEDs depends on several factors. The heat is generated in the LED module and if it is not properly distributed, the lifetime of the light emitting diodes and the quality of the light will be shortened. Manufacturers of the quality lighting develop solutions and components that efficiently distribute the heat that accumulates in the critical point of the light. Some manufacturers ‘induce a current – and overwork’ the LEDs at the initial stage of use (one of the signs can be a low lm/W value, for example 100-120 lm/W), which leads to a higher brightness at the beginning, but a shorter lifetime, as well as changes in the light temperature (after a short time the light becomes greener or bluer). Manufacturers who claim that their LED lights will serve for 100,000 hours can only be partially correct because they usually trust the laboratory tests that are carried out on the LED module but not on the entire LED system.

The seasons change so does the product range, therefore, the colour change function can be useful to adapt the colour to the product range. For instance, electronic goods will look better in cool white lighting, while fabrics need warm white shades. Also, the function of the LED colour changing allows you using the lighting to highlight the trendiest colour of the season.

LEDs usually consume less energy for the same lighting compared to traditional halogen and fluorescent lights per one W. Therefore, the total kW/h consumption per year is lower, which helps to reduce the total amount of CO2 emissions and reduce air pollution.

Light emitting diodes are more efficient than most other light sources because they usually use less energy to achieve the same result. In addition, they do not contain dangerous components such as toxic mercury. In addition, LEDs have a longer service life which reduces the amount of thrown out lights; moreover, LED lights are fully recyclable and their components are not toxic to the environment.

Primary systems with integrated lenses;

Secondary optics come in the form of lenses, reflectors or diffusers

There are various types of secondary optics but the main are as follows:

• wide-angle dispersion optics to illuminate large spaces
• narrow angle dispersion optics for main lighting
• asymmetric dispersion angle optics for street and shelf lighting
• very narrow angle dispersion optics for accent lighting, corridor lighting

With the help of lenses and reflectors, different beam angles can be created. In case of narrow angle optics, for instance, angle of 30°, you will have a focused and concentrated light beam suitable for floodlights. In case of wide-angle optics, for instance, angle of 150°, you can illuminate a bigger space. All of them are designed to change the path of light in a specific and controlled way, but they all produce different effects.

No. It is true that the rays of an LED-based light are not warm, but the diodes themselves emit heat and the light can even be warm or hot to touch.

This is a function that improves lighting comfort with the help of sensors. The main advantage of this system is the ability to detect daylight or motion and thus save energy and costs.

DALI stands for Digital Addressable Lighting Control Interface (DALI). It is a technical standard for lighting control in buildings and homes. All devices connected to the DALI bus are addressable. This is an excellent standard for autonomous lighting systems. Some DALI controllers can be integrated into systems based on other communication standards (DMX, KNX) if they can be controlled via a computer, smartphone, tablet or other smart devices.